Kidney Transplant in India

Kidney Transplant

Kidneys are bean shaped organs which serve many essential regulatory roles in the human body such as purification of blood by maintaining the balance of electrolytes and also pH homeostasis. They also remove excess organ molecules from the blood and are essential to the body’s urinary system. Kidney Transplant is necessitated as a result of kidney failure which happens due to cancer, diabetes and a whole host of other reasons, many of which are associated with a bad lifestyle.

Reasons for kidney failure

• Nephritis
• Nephropathy
• Hyperfiltration
• High blood pressure

What are the Types of kidney transplant?

• Living donor kidney transplant– In this procedure, a kidney is taken from a donor(mostly a family member or a close friend) and transplanted to the patient
• Deceased donor kidney transplant – In this procedure, a kidney is taken from a brain dead person after his/her family members have given the requisite consent

The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that serve several essential regulatory roles in vertebrates. They remove excess organic molecules from the blood. Kidneys are essential to the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and regulation of blood pressure. Located at the rear of the abdominal cavity in the retroperitoneal space. A kidney transplant is an operation in which a person with kidney failure receives a new kidney. The new kidney takes over the work of cleaning the blood.

Condition of kidney failure

Kidney failure is due to reasons stated below and process of slowing down kidney function is called kidney disease. There are two types of kidney diseases- acute kidney disease where damage is sudden quickly and the other is chronic kidney disease where the kidney function declines  slowly  and progressive.

What are the Types of kidney diseases?

• Kidney cancer
• Early kidney failure
• Chronic renal insufficiency
• Diabetic nephropathy
• Nephritis
• Nephropathy
• Hyperfiltration (Stage 1)
• Mild microalbuminuria ( Stage 2 )
• Clinical albuminuria ( Stage 3)
• Advanced clinical nephropathy (Stage 4)
• Kidney failure (Stage 5)
• Causes of Kidney Diseases

Kidney disease is most often caused by other conditions that put a strain on the kidneys. High blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes are the most common causes of kidney disease

Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes mellitus, usually called diabetes, is a disease in which your body does not make enough insulin or cannot use normal amounts of insulin properly With diabetes, the small blood vessels in the body are injured. When the blood vessels in the kidneys are injured, your kidneys cannot clean your blood properly.

High blood pressure or hypertension if left untreated will damage the glomeruli which filters waste from the body.

Glomerulonephritis : Glomerulonephritis is a group of diseases that injure the part of the kidney that filters blood (called glomeruli).

Polycystic Kidney disease : Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited kidney disorder. It causes fluid-filled cysts to form fluid in the kidneys. PKD may impair kidney function and cause kidney failure

Renovascular disease Renovascular disease is a progressive condition that causes narrowing or blockage of the renal arteries or veins. These are the blood vessels that take blood to and from the kidneys and this disease causes decreased blood flow to the kidneys.

Chronic Pyelonephritis : it is is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects one or both kidneys . The urinary tract is the body’s drainage system for removing wastes and extra water ·  Systemic Lupus erythematosus also known as lupus in short it is a disease where body mistakenly attacks own kidney tissues.

Obstructive Nephropathy Obstructive uropathy occurs when urine cannot drain through a ureter (a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder). And this blockage causes damage to kidneys.

Analgesic Nephropathy and Drugs Analgesic nephropathy involves damage within the internal structures of the kidney. It is caused by long-term use of analgesics medications such as aspirin, phenacetin, and paracetamol.

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